Ancient Diocese of Agde

Ancient Diocese of Agde

Dioecesis Agathensis
Bishopric
Information
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established6th century
Dissolved1791 (1801)
ArchdioceseNarbonne
Cathédrale Saint-Étienne, Agde.

The former French Roman Catholic diocese of Agde (Lat.: Agathensis) was in existence by the beginning of the 6th century. It was a suffragan of the diocese of Narbonne. The diocese of Agde was suppressed in 1791 during the French Revolution, and, in the Concordat of 1801 between First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, the diocese was not revived.[1] Agde was in Languedoc, in the south of France, in what is now the department of Hérault.

The diocesan seat was the Cathedral of Saint-Étienne, originally dedicated to Saint Andrew. The diocese had only twenty-six parishes.[2] The territory of the former diocese is now part of the diocese of Montpellier.

History

Chapter and cathedral

The Cathedral of Saint-Étienne, originally dedicated to Saint Andrew was located in the city of Agde. The cathedral was served by a Chapter, consisting of twelve Canons, including the Archdeacon, the Sacristan, the Precentor and the Treasurer. There were twelve chaplains (hebdomidarii), eight for daily services and four for requiems. There were thirty-two prebendaries.[3]

In April 1243, the archbishop of Narbonne held a diocesan synod at Béziers, addressing the problem of the resurgence of the Cathars (Albigensians).[4] Bishop Pierre Raimond de Fabre of Agde (1243–1271) was present, and he also attended the council of 19 April 1246, in which the procedures for acting against heretics were decided upon. He won the favor of Pope Innocent IV who granted him the privilege of immunity from excommunication or interdict, except one pronounced by the pope himself.[5]

On 5 December 1248, at the direction of Pope Innocent IV, the papal legates Cardinal Pietro de Collemedio and Hugo de Santo Caro held a special council at Valence of four ecclesiastical provinces, Narbonne, Vienne, Arles and Aix. The purpose was to excommunicate once again the Emperor Frederick II and his followers. The council also issued a set of 23 canons, mostly reenactments of earlier legislation. Among those present was the Bishop of Agde, Pierre Raymond de Fabri.[6]

French Revolution

At the beginning of the French Revolution, the National Constituent Assembly ordered the replacement of political subdivisions of the ancien régime with subdivisions called "departments", to be characterized by a single administrative city in the center of a compact area. The decree was passed on 22 December 1789, and the boundaries fixed on 26 February 1790, with the effective date of 4 March 1790.[7] A new department was created, called "Hérault", and its meeting center rotated among Montpellier, Béziers, Lodève, and Saint-Pons.[8]

The National Constituent Assembly then, on 6 February 1790, instructed its ecclesiastical committee to prepare a plan for the reorganization of the clergy. At the end of May, its work was presented as a draft Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which, after vigorous debate, was approved on 12 July 1790. There was to be one diocese in each department, a policy later adhered to by Napoleon.[9] Under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the seat of the Constitutional diocese of Hérault was fixed at Béziers, and Catholic diocese of Béziers and the other dioceses in Hérault, including the diocese of Agde, were consequently suppressed, their territories becoming part of the new diocese of Hérault.[10]

The last bishop of Agde, Charles François de Rouvroy, was guillotined in Paris on July 25, 1794.[11]

Bishops

To 1000

  • [ Venustus ca. 405 ][12]
  • Beticus ca. 450?[13]
  • Sophronius 506[14]
  • Leo c. 541[15]
  • Phronimius ca. 567–ca. 579[16]
  • Tigridius 589[17]
  • Georgius 653[18]
  • Wilesinde c. 673[19]
  • Primus 683[20]
  • Justus 788, 791[21]
  • Dagobert 848–872[22]
  • Boso 885–897[23]
  • Gerardus 899–922[24]
  • Stephanus 922–c. 936[25]
  • Dagobert 937–948[26]
  • [ Bernard 949 ][27]
  • [ Salomon I. 954–957 ]
  • [ Bernhard II. 958 ]
  • [ Ameil 971 ]
  • Salomon c. 955–976
  • Armand (Arnaud) 982
  • Stephan II. 990–1034

1000 to 1300

  • Wilhelm I 1043
  • Gontier 1050–1064
  • Bérenger 1068–1098
  • Bernard Déodat 1098–1122
  • Adelbert 1123–1129
  • Raimond de Montredon 1130–1142[28]
  • Ermengaud 1142–1149
  • Bérenger 1150–1152[29]
  • Pons de Montmirat 1152–1153[30]
  • Adhémar 1153–1162
  • Wilhelm II. 1165–1173
  • Pierre Raimond 1173–1191 or 1192
  • Raimond de Montpellier 1192–1213[31]
  • Pierre Poulverel (Pulverel) 1214
  • Theodisius 1215–1232[32]
  • Bertrand de Saint-Just 1233–1241
  • Chrétien 1242[33]
  • Pierre Raimond de Fabre 1243–1271[34]
  • Pierre Bérenger de Montbrun 1271–1296[35]
  • Raimond du Puy 1296–1327 or 1331

1300 to 1500

  • Bernard Géraud (de Girard) 1332–1337
  • [ Pierre Raymond de Montbrun 1337 ][36]
  • Guillaume Hunaud de Lanta 1337–1342[37]
  • Pierre de Bérail de Cessac 1342–1354[38]
  • Arnaud Aubert 1354[39]
  • Sicard D'Ambres de Lautrec 1354–1371[40]
  • Hugues de Montruc 1371–1408
  • Cardinal Guy de Malesec 1409–1411 Administrator[41]
  • Philippe de Levis de Florensac 1411–1425[42]
  • Bérenger Guilhot 1425–1426, Administrator[43]
  • Jean Teste 1426–1435 or 1436
  • Renaud de Chartres 1436–1439[44]
  • Guillaume Charrier 1439–1440
  • Jean de Montmorin 1440–1448
  • Étienne de Roupt de Cambrai 1448–1460 or 1462
  • Charles de Beaumont 1462–1470 or 1476
  • Jacques Minutoli 1476–1490
  • Nicolas Fieschi 22 October 1488 – 1494[45]
  • Jean de Vesc 1494–1525[46]

From 1500

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Georges Goyau, "Montpellier." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 10 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911). Retrieved: 2016-07-17. ; David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy: Diocese of Agde. G-Catholic: Diocese of Agde, Archived February 4, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: 2016-07-17.
  2. ^ Gallia christiana VI, p. 644. Jean, p. 254.
  3. ^ Gallia christiana VI, p. 644.
  4. ^ Carl Joseph von Hefele, Histoire des conciles d'après les documents originaux, (in French), tr. H. Leclercq, Volume 5, part 2 (Paris: Letouzey, 1913), p. 1629.
  5. ^ Fisquet, pp. 462–463.
  6. ^ Charles Joseph Hefele, Histoire des conciles (in French), ed. Delarc, Volume 8 (Paris: Adrien Leclere 1872), p. 414-416.
  7. ^ Pisani, pp. 10-11.
  8. ^ J. B. Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, (in French), Volume 1 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1834), p. 106, col. 1: "33. HÉRAULT.- La première assemblée de ce département se tiendra à Montpellier, et alternera entre Béziers, Lodève, Saint-Pons et Montpellier. Ce département est divisé en quatre districts, dont les chefs-lieux sont: Montpellier, Béziers, Lodève, Saint-Pons."
  9. ^ "Civil Constitution," Title I, "Article 1. Chaque département formera un seul diocèse, et chaque diocèse aura la même étendue et les mêmes limites que le département."
  10. ^ Duvergier, Vol. 1, p. 242, column 2.
  11. ^ Jean, p. 255–256, no. 76.
  12. ^ Saint-Marthe, Gallia christiana VI, p. 665. Fisquet, pp. 411-413. The one and only reference to Venustus is found in a list printed in Gallia christiana Volume I, Instrumenta, p. 137, where he is one of twelve bishops killed by Crocus, king of the Alamanni. The editor, Saint-Marthe, doubts the reliability of the text. Duchesne, p. 317, note 3, points out that the source of the list is Polycarpe de la Rivière, a notorious forger of old documents and creator of fictitious episcopal lists.
  13. ^ Beticus: Fisquet, pp. 413–414. He is rejected by Duchesne, p. 317, note 3.
  14. ^ Bishop Sophronius took part in the council of Agde in September 506, presided over by Caesarius of Arles. Duchesne, p. 317, no. 1. Charles Munier, Concilia Galliae, A. 314 – A. 506 (in Latin), (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 213: "Sofronius in Christi nomine episcopus ciuitatis Agatensis subscripsi."
  15. ^ Bishop Leo is mentioned by Gregory of Tours in his de gloria martyrum, chapter 78. Fisquet, pp. 421–422. Duchesne, p. 317, no. 2.
  16. ^ Bishop Phronimius was compelled to flee into Frankish territory in 579. In 588, he became bishop of Vence. Fisquet, pp. 422–423. Duchesne, p. 317, no. 3.
  17. ^ Bishop Tigridius attended the council of Toledo in 589, and the council of Narbonne in 589. Fisquet, pp. 423–424. Duchesne, p. 317, no. 4.
  18. ^ Bishop Georgius was present at the council of Toledo in 653. Fisquet, p. 424. Duchesne, p. 317, no. 5.
  19. ^ Bishop Wilesinde (Wilesmond), who was defending Agde from the Visigoths, was taken prisoner by King Wamba during the campaign of 673. Fisquet, pp. 424-425. Duchesne, p. 317, no. 6.
  20. ^ Bishop Primus did not attend the fourth council of Toledo in November 683, but he sent his deacon Dexter to represent him. Fisquet, p. 425. Duchesne, p. 318, no. 7.
  21. ^ Bishop Justus allegedly was present at the false council of Narbonne in 788. Carl Joseph Hefele, Histoire des Conciles: d'aprés les documents originaux, (in French) Volume 5 Part 2, tr. H. Delarc (Paris: Le Clere et Cie, 1870), pp. 82-85. He attended a provincial council of Narbonne on 27 June 791. J.-D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XIII (Florence: A. Zatta 1767), p. 824. Fisquet, p. 425. Duchesne, p. 318, no. 8.
  22. ^ Dagobert: Fisquet, p. 426–427. Duchesne, p. 318, no. 9.
  23. ^ Bishop Boso was present at the council of Narbonne held at Notre-Dame du Port on 17 November 887, and another on 19 April 897. Fisquet, p. 427. Duchesne, p. 318, no. 10.
  24. ^ Bishop Gerardus attended the council of Narbonne, held in Barcelona in 906. Fisquet, p. 428. Duchesne, p. 318, no. 11.
  25. ^ Stephan (I): Fisquet, p. 428-429.
  26. ^ Dagobert (II): In 937, Bishop Dagobert participated in the consecration of the abbey church of Saint-Pons de Thomières. In 937, he attended the provincial council of Archbishop Aimeri of Narbonne, in the village of Assignan. His latest notice is on 27 March 948, when he attended the election of a bishop of Elne. Fisquet, p. 429.
  27. ^ Bernhard (I) is mentioned in a charter of the year 949. Fisquet, p. 429. J. Despetis, pp. 63–67, shows that the date has been misread, and that the two Salomons are the same person. J. Roquette, "Bulletin critique," (in French), in: Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, tome 7, n°36 (1921), pp. 284-286, at p. 285.
  28. ^ Raimond had been archdeacon of Béziers. Bishop Raimond was transferred to Arles. Joseph Hyacinthe Albanès, Ulysse Chevalier Gallia Christiana novissima: Arles (in French and Latin) (Valence: Société anonyme d'imprimerie montbéliardaise, 1901), pp. 212-235.
  29. ^ Bérenger (II) was elected bishop on 6 February 1150 (1149 Old style). He died on 11 September 1152. Despetis, pp. 72–73.
  30. ^ Pons had been archdeacon of Agde since at least 1148. He was already bishop of Agde in December 1152. His latest document is on 14 March 1153. Despetis, p. 73.
  31. ^ Raimundus: Eubel I, p. 76.
  32. ^ Theodisius Balbi was bishop of Agde by 24 August 1215, when he witnessed a charter. He was chancellor of Count Raymond VII of Toulouse (c. 1224. He died on 30 May 1232 (or 1233). Fisquet, pp. 454–460. Despetis, p. 77.
  33. ^ Christianus was bishop of Agde before 30 April 1242. Fisquet, p. 462. Despetis, pp. 79–80.
  34. ^ Pierre Raimond de Fabre died on 14 March 1271. Fisquet, pp. 462-466.
  35. ^ Pierre Bérenger was the brother of Archbishop Pierre de Montbrun of Narbonne (1272–1286). Fisquet, pp. 466–468.
  36. ^ Pierre de Montbrun was elected by the cathedral Chapter, but Pope Benedict XII refused confirmation and, on 4 December 1337, appointed Guillaume Hunaud de Lanta instead. J. Roquette, "Bulletin critique," (in French), in: Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, tome 7, n°36 (1921), pp. 284-286, at p. 285.
  37. ^ Guillaume Hunaud died in May 1342, according to Fisquet: Fisquet, https://books.google.com/books?id=4hCR_xj5fkcC&pg=PA473 pp. 473–474.
  38. ^ Bérail was appointed by Pope Clement VI on 26 June 1342. He died on 22 February 1354 (1353 Old style). Fisquet, https://books.google.com/books?id=4hCR_xj5fkcC&pg=PA474 pp. 474–477.
  39. ^ Aubert was later bishop of Carcassonne.
  40. ^ later bishop of Béziers. Fisquet, pp. 478–482.
  41. ^ Eubel I, p. 76 with note 9.
  42. ^ later archbishop of Auch.
  43. ^ (archbishop of Auch in 1408–1425. Fisquet, pp. 487–488. Eubel, I, p. 121. The promotion to the titular See of Tyre in 1425 suggests that Guillot had become an important papal administrator.
  44. ^ Renaud was later archbishop of Reims.
  45. ^ (later bishop of Fréjus). Eubel, II, p. 82.
  46. ^ Fisquet, pp. 504–505. Gams, p. 478. Eubel III, p. 97 n. 2, has Jean de Vesc resign in 1504, to be succeeded by Cardinal Niccolo Fieschi as Administrator until 1525. On 11 December 1504 there was a lawsuit between Fieschi and Vesc, which was won by Fieschi; Vesc resigned; Cardinal Francesco Soderini, appointed Commissioner by Julius II, transferred the See to Fieschi in commendam. Fieschi died on 15 June 1524: Eubel III, p. 8.
  47. ^ He was only twenty years old, and could not be consecrated. An Indult was issued by Pope Clement VII on 8 April 1528, granting Jean-Antoine the privilege of being consecrated when he reached 24: Eubel III, p. 97, n. 3. On 10 May 1531 Jean-Antoine was transferred to the diocese of Valence. Eubel III, p. 326.
  48. ^ Fisquet, pp. 505 and 540.
  49. ^ La Guiche (later bishop of Mirepoix). Eubel III, p. 97 with note 4.
  50. ^ Bohier: Eubel III, p. 97 with notes 5 and 6.
  51. ^ Eubel, III, p. 97. He died on 21 June 1578.
  52. ^ Eubel III, p. 97. Bernard du Puy was confirmed by the Pope in Consistory on 11 May 1583.
  53. ^ Louis was the illegitimate son of King Charles IX of France. He was never consecrated. Hence, he was only Administrator. He resigned his claim to the bishopric and to the canonicate which he held in the cathedral in 1622, never having received the tonsure. He died in Paris on 13 November 1653, at the age of 57. Fisquet, pp. 518-519. Eubel, III, p. 97, wrongly puts his appointment on 14 May 1618. Joseph Bergin, The Making of the French Episcopate, 1589—1661 (New Haven: Yale UP 1996), p. 446.
  54. ^ Fisquet, pp. 520–522.
  55. ^ later archbishop of Narbonne.
  56. ^ Fouquet, the younger brother of Nicolas Fouquet, Superintendant of Finances, was nominated by King Louis XIV on 31 October 1656, at the age of 23, and approved in the papal consistory of 28 May 1657 by Pope Alexander VII. He was consecrated in Paris on 2 March (or May) 1659, being only Bishop-elect and Administrator until then. He was in exile at Villefranche en Rouergue after the fall of his brother from power, from 1661 to 1691, and therefore governed through vicars-general. He died in Agde on 4 February 1702. Xavier Azéma (1963). Un prelat janseniste: Louis Foucquet, évêque et comte d'Agde 1656-1702 (in French). Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin. Jean, p. 254. Fisquet, pp. 526–528. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 72 with note 6.
  57. ^ Jean, p. 255, no. 73.
  58. ^ Le Chatre: Jean, p. 255, no. 74.
  59. ^ Cadente de Charleval: Théophile Berengier (1884). Notice sur Mgr Joseph-François de Cadenet de Charleval, évêque et comte d'Agde (1710-1759) (in French). Marseille: Olive..Jean, p. 255, no. 75.
  60. ^ Charles Mariès (1894). Oraison funèbre de Monseigneur Charles-François-Siméon Vermandois de Saint-Simon Rouvroy Sandricourt, dernier évêque et comte d'Agde, 1759-1794, prononcée dans l'église-cathédrale Saint-Étienne d'Agde à l'occasion du premier centenaire de la mort glorieuse de Monseigneur de Saint-Simon (in French). Montpellier: Jean Martel aîné.

Bibliography

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43°19′N 3°28′E / 43.31°N 3.47°E / 43.31; 3.47

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