Shiva Advaita
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Shiva Advaita (Devanagari:शिवाद्वैत, Tamil: சிவாத்துவிதம், Śivāttuvidam, Kannada: ಶಿವಾದ್ವೈತ, Śivādvaita), also known as Śiva Viśiṣṭādvaita or Shaivite qualified nondualism refers to Śrīkaṇṭha Śivācārya's (11th-15th century CE[1][2][3][4]) Southern India Shaivite commentary on the Brahma Sutras, which considers Shiva supreme,[2] and to Appayya's 16th century CE[5] commentary on Śrīkaṇṭha Śivācārya's stance.[6]
Origins
Śrīkaṇṭha Śivācārya (also known as Nīlakaṇṭha Śivācārya) composed the Srikanta Bhashyam,[7] a commentary on the Brahma Sutras, which became known as Śivādvaita.[8] The time-frame of Śrīkaṇṭha's work is not exactly known, but argued to be somewhere in the 11th to 15th century, with the fourteenth to fifeteenth century more likely, accoridng to Duquette.[9][a] The theory of Śiva Viśiṣṭādvaita follows very closely Ramanuja's Viśiṣṭādvaita.[1][8] Sri Appayya Dikshita (16th century CE[5]) contributed further to Shiva Advaita by expounding Śrīkaṇṭha's philosophy in his Sivarka mani dipika.[8]
Tenets
The theory of Śiva Viśiṣṭādvaita follows very closely Ramanuja's Viśiṣṭādvaita non-dualism doctrine, but differs in who is considered Supreme. While Ramanuja considers Vishnu to be supreme, Śrīkaṇṭha considers Shiva supreme.[8] Śrīkaṇṭha does not deny Nirguna Brahman, which is central to Advaita,[9] but affirms the supremacy of Saguna Brahman. Appayya affirms a form of pure non-dualism, and recasts Śrīkaṇṭha's work in an effort to establish Shiva Advaita in his Śivādvaitanirṇaya.[9]
Notes
References
- ^ a b Subramuniyaswami 2003, p. 1223.
- ^ a b Johnson 2009.
- ^ Dalal 2014.
- ^ Duquette 2016, p. 68, note 2.
- ^ a b Duquette 2016, p. 67.
- ^ Duquette 2016, p. 68, note 1.
- ^ Kantha 1897.
- ^ a b c d Ramesan 1972, p. 67.
- ^ a b c Duquette 2016.
- ^ தமிழில் காசிவாசி செந்திநாதையர் (2005). பிரமசூத்திர சிவாத்துவித சைவபாடியம்.
Sources
- Dalal, Roshen (2014). "Shivadvaita". Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books. ISBN 9788184752779.
- Duquette, Jonathan (2016). "Reading Non-Dualism in Śivādvaita Vedānta: An Argument from the Śivādvaitanirṇaya in Light of the Śivārkamaṇidīpikā". Journal of Indian Philosophy. 44 (1): 67–79. doi:10.1007/s10781-014-9231-x. ISSN 0022-1791. JSTOR 44157294. S2CID 171076332.
- Johnson, W. J. (2009). A Dictionary of Hinduism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861025-0 – via Oxford Reference.
- Kantha (1897). The Vedanta Sutras With SriKantha Bhashya. Translated by Mahadeva Sastri.
- Ramesan, N. (1972). Sri Appayya Dikshita. Srimad Appayya Dikshitendra Granthavali Prakasana Samithi; [sole distributors: B. G. Paul, Madras. p. 67.
- Subramuniyaswami, Satguru Sivaya (2003). Merging with Śiva: Hinduism's contemporary metaphysics. Himalayan Academy Publications. ISBN 978-0-945497-99-8.